Phytochemical analysis of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Acanthospermum hispidium and its effect on Biochemical and Hematological indices in Plasmodium falciparum infected Rats

Abstract

Haematological (Red blood cell ‘RBC’, packed cell volume ‘PCV’, white blood cell ‘WBC’ and platelet ‘PLA’) and biochemical 
(total protein, serum albumin and creatinine) parameters of rats treated with aqueous-methanolic extract of A. hispidum leaves 
on blood serum of rats infected with P. falciparum was investigated. The chemical composition was determined using gas 
chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biochemical and haematological parameters were examined using standard 
methods. The aqueous-methanolic extract of A. hispidum consist of Allyldimethyl-Formamide, Erythritol, Glycerin, 
Benzoylmethyl-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-2-indolinone, Silanol and Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester with 
composition of 13.578, 2.796, 56.72, 5.486, 1.415 and 10.005%, respectively. The increase in RBC, PCV, PLA and albumin 
with reduction in WBC and creatinine level compared to normal control when treated with aqueous – methanolic extract of A. 
hispidum leaves were obtained with reduced parasitaemia. Aqueous – methanolic A. hispidum leaves, at 400mg/kg for 72 hours 
proved to be the best for treatment of malaria parasite based on haematological and biochemical parameters assessed.