Pharmacological Evaluation of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract on a High-Fat Diet-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model in Female Rats

Abstract

Psidium guajava, also known as guava, is a tropical fruit known for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. It contains bioactive substances like flavonoids, phenolic acids, and essential oils, which have antioxidant activity, aiding in reducing oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic illnesses. Guava's fiber content and laxative properties also contribute to its digestive health. Its hypoglycemic properties suggest potential use in diabetes management. Despite its nutritional value, guava is also recognized in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties, leading to commercial cultivation of its tree parts. The fruit, also known as the "poor man's apple of the tropics," is also popular. In present study, it investigates the pharmacological effects of Psidium guajava L. ethanolic leaf extract on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in female rats treated with emestane. The objective is to assess its protective effect, evaluate its role in metabolic changes, and assess its effects on ovarian weight, body weight, and follicle release through vaginal smear. It was found that the ethanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava, found in Exemestane and high-fat diet-induced PCOS animals, showed similar effects to clomiphene citrate in treating PCOS conditions and inducing ovulation. It restored hormone and lipid profiles, glucose levels, and ovarian morphology. The extract's multiple pharmacological properties, including estrogenic, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant effects, could help manage PCOS, prevent ovarian cell dysfunction, and improve fertility.