Acne Management Using A Herbal Gel Containing Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Duranta Erecta Linn.

Abstract

This study focuses on developing a natural, plant-based anti-acne gel by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from an extract of Duranta erecta Linn. leaves. Acne treatments commonly used today, such as antibiotics and retinoids, can cause side effects like skin irritation and contribute to antibiotic resistance. This research aims to create a gentler, more effective solution that reduces acne with fewer side effects. The formulation process began with the collection and ethanol-based extraction of Duranta erecta Linn. leaves. Key bioactive compounds in the plant extract, including phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids, were measured for their potential health benefits. Silver nanoparticles were then synthesized using green chemistry methods, where natural compounds in Duranta erecta Linn. acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. To optimize the nanoparticles’ properties, we used a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to achieve the desired particle size, stability, and compound loading. These nanoparticles were studied for size and shape through electron microscopy, as well as stability through zeta potential measurements. After optimizing the nanoparticles, they were incorporated into a gel formulation suitable for skin application. The gel’s properties were tested to ensure it had the right pH, smoothness, and spreadability for easy application on the skin. A drug release study using a membrane diffusion method showed that the gel allowed for a slow, controlled release of the active compounds over time, following the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas release models. The anti-acne potential of the gel was tested in vitro against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, two bacteria commonly linked to acne. Results showed that the gel effectively reduced bacterial growth and inflammation, highlighting the combined benefits of Duranta erecta Linn. leaves extract and silver nanoparticles. This study suggests that this new gel formulation could serve as a safer, plant-based alternative for acne treatment, combining the natural benefits of Duranta erecta with the enhanced effects of silver nanoparticles.